A pathological formation such as a papilloma can appear in any person.Moreover, the bigger it is, the more they can be in the body.To answer the question of why papillomas appear on human skin, it is necessary to study their nature in more detail.These formations are small benign tumors that develop from epithelial cells.They are located above the epidermis in the form of irregularly shaped droplets.Sometimes papillomas appear not on the body, but on mucous membranes, ligaments and some organs.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the pathogen that causes papilloma in the body.Once it enters the body, it stays there forever.
Species
Experts distinguish more than a hundred types of these neoplasms.Fortunately, 5 of them are most commonly found in the human body.They all differ from each other:
- simple,occurring in the upper extremities.They can exist for decades, but sometimes disappear on their own.They are most often observed in children and adolescents.
- rightcommon on neck, face, upper limbs.Sometimes they are the main factor in skin inflammation.
- plantar,causing great discomfort and severe pain.They affect the legs.
- like a threadcommon in adults and older people.It occurs most often in the neck, groin and armpits.Such papillomas are often localized in the eye area.
- pointed outoften called condylomas.They are formed in the genitals and are very dangerous.
Infection
To understand why papilloma appears in the body, it is necessary to understand how the virus enters the body.There are the following ways to get infected with HPV:
- relationship and domesticity;
- gender;
- common.
The pathogen penetrates even through microscopic damage to the skin.Infection of newborns occurs in the birth canal of the mother - papillomavirus carrier.After infection, the child often develops anogenital warts or develops laryngeal papillomatosis.
Reasons for appearance
Of course, the main reason for the formation of papillomas is HPV, but sometimes it does not manifest itself for years and begins to develop actively in the body under favorable conditions.There are various factors that lead to the development of the disease.Causes of papilloma:
- low immunity;
- frequent infectious diseases;
- depression and stress conditions;
- alcoholism;
- long-term use of drugs, especially antibiotics;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
- visiting public places such as saunas, baths, swimming pools, beaches.
Although the reasons for the appearance of the virus are different, the combination of several inciting factors causes the growth of many tumors in the body.
Danger of papilloma
A person with HPV is at risk of developing cancer, because several types of papillomaviruses are highly oncogenic.
Often they are the main reason for the appearance of malignant tumors in the genital area.Tumors most often develop in older people, although recently they have also appeared in fairly young women.
Papillomavirus often causes erosion of the cervix, which increases the risk of cancer.For men, the virus does not pose a particular threat, as the probability of developing malignant tumors is very low.Papillomas in the genitals cause a certain discomfort, which can interfere with a full sexual life.
These tumors in the body are often damaged.Damage and infection of papillomas located in places of friction of clothes and bends of limbs is especially dangerous.
When shaving too often, men damage the joints on the face and neck.However, any mechanical damage can lead to their infection and turning into a malignant tumor.
Signs and diagnosis
After HPV enters the body, the incubation period lasts 2-3 months.In some cases, it can take several years.At the same time, the virus does not manifest itself in any way, but under favorable conditions, papillomas quickly appear in the body.Symptoms of these neoplasms:
- Simple papillomashard with a rough surface.Their size can vary from 1 mm to several millimeters.They are often localized in groups.They are formed in the palms, fingers and popliteal cavities.Such papillomas grow when the immune system is disturbed.
- Flat papillomasIts color practically does not differ from the skin tone.They look like cones with a flat top.These formations are often red and itchy.
- Plantar formationsvery reminiscent of calluses.At the initial stage of development, small bump-like neoplasms appear, gradually turning into a papilloma with a characteristic ring.Next to him, little girl forms appear.
- Filiform papillomasThey are yellowish cones that gradually increase in length.Their size can reach 1-6 mm.
- Condylomas acuminataappears when the immune system is malfunctioning.Under healthy conditions, this type of virus can remain dormant for decades.Under the influence of provoking factors, characteristic formations appear in the genitals.In men, they are localized in the scrotum, head of the penis and frenulum.In women, they appear on the clitoris, cervix, labia, vagina and anus.These painless formations, ranging in size from 1 mm to several centimeters, have a thin stalk.They are flesh-colored, pink or reddish in color.
A dermatologist will help diagnose a specific type of HPV.Specialists such as urologists and gynecologists also check for tumors in the genitals.To determine the oncogenicity of papillomas, a blood test is performed using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and DNA diagnostics.As a rule, the specialist suggests conducting the same studies to the patient's sexual partner.
Women, in addition to the above tests, undergo colposcopy and biopsy of the genitals.Patients with oncogenic papillomavirus are examined by a gynecologist twice a year.Pregnancy planning involves early diagnosis and treatment of the virus.If genital warts are detected in a pregnant woman, the specialist recommends removing these tumors.
Treatment
Papilloma can be treated in different ways.Often they are produced by various modern methods.These include:
- cryodestruction;
- laser destruction;
- thermocoagulation;
- chemical destruction;
- radiosurgical removal.
If HPV is detected in the body, conservative treatment is prescribed, during which special drugs are used.They stop the reproduction of the virus and increase the activity of immune cells.When the cervix is affected, special ointments applied locally are also used.Treatment of papillomavirus should be comprehensive.
Prevention
Getting rid of these tumors is much more difficult than preventing them.By knowing why papillomas appear in the body, a person can protect himself as much as possible from infection with this virus.For this, it is not enough to eliminate the causes of the disease, it is necessary to regularly carry out restorative therapy.You should also follow all personal hygiene rules.
Since no one is immune to papillomavirus, it is necessary to strengthen the body's immune system, follow hygiene rules, have protected sex and treat nervous system diseases in time.If these tumors appear, you should definitely undergo a doctor's examination to determine the type of HPV and recommend treatment.